Early-stage thermal performance design of thermo-active walls implemented in underground infrastructures

Energy geostructures (EGs) represent an innovative technology in the sustainable energy agenda and are useful for satisfying needs of built environment. They usually involving such as piles, walls, tunnels, shafts, sewers. The application to infrastructure projects may have considerable thermal potential because large surfaces that can be thermally activated. This study focuses on thermo-active walls (energy EWs), which retaining structures used sustain sides excavations. Key features related their design examined, a methodology is proposed. heat-exchange modes EWs surrounding materials (concrete, soil, air) investigated via extensive three-dimensional hydrothermal finite-element simulations non-isothermal flow heat exchangers (HEs), well all other modes. results first presented charts behavior HEs under different environments. Finally, early-stage performance proposed, corresponding flowchart presented. helpful incorporating EGs into engineering design.